I le 2018, o le maketi o le kesi faʻaeletoroni a le lalolagi mo fesoʻotaʻiga tuʻufaʻatasia na oʻo atu i le US $ 4.512 piliona, o le siʻitia i lea tausaga ma lea tausaga o le 16%. O le maualuga o le tuputupu aʻe o le eletise eletise eletise faʻapitoa mo semiconductor ma le tele o maketi tetele ua faʻavavevaveina ai le fuafuaga o suiga i totonu ole fale ole kesi faʻapitoa eletise!
O le a le kasa eletise?
O le kasa faaeletonika e faasino i mea autu autu o loʻo faʻaaogaina i le gaosiga o semiconductor, faʻaaliga laulau mafolafola, moli-emitting diodes, solar cell ma isi mea faʻaeletoroni, ma e faʻaaogaina lautele i le faʻamamaina, etching, ata tifaga, doping ma isi faiga. Ole vaega autu ole fa'aogaina ole kasa fa'aeletoroni e aofia ai le fa'aeletonika alamanuia, sola sela, feso'ota'iga fe'avea'i, ta'avale ta'avale ma leo o ta'avale ma vitiō, aerospace, alamanuia militeri ma le tele o isi fa'alapotopotoga.
E mafai ona vaevaeina le kasa fa'aeletonika fa'apitoa i ni vaega se fitu e tusa ai ma lona lava vaila'au fa'apitoa: silicon, arsenic, phosphorus, boron, metal hydride, halide ma metal alkoxide. E tusa ai ma metotia faʻaoga eseese i taʻaloga tuʻufaʻatasia, e mafai ona vaevaeina i le doping gas, epitaxy gas, ion implantation gas, light-emitting diode gas, etching gas, kemisi vapor deposition gas ma paleni kasa. E sili atu i le 110 iunite kasa faʻapitoa o loʻo faʻaaogaina i le semiconductor alamanuia, lea e sili atu nai lo le 30 e masani ona faʻaaogaina.
E masani lava, o le gaosiga o le semiconductor e vaevaeina kesi i ni ituaiga se lua: kasa masani ma kasa faapitoa. Faatasi ai ma i latou, o le kesi masani e faʻaaogaina e faʻatatau i se tuʻufaʻatasiga tuʻufaʻatasia ma faʻaaogaina le tele o kesi, e pei o le N2, H2, O2, Ar, He, ma isi. Gas faʻapitoa e faʻatatau i nisi kasa kemisi faʻaaogaina i le faagasologa o le gaosiga o le semiconductor, e pei o le faʻaopoopoga, tui o le ion, faʻafefiloi, fufuluina, ma le faʻapipiʻiina o matapulepule, o le mea lea ua tatou taʻua nei kesi faʻapitoa faʻaeletoroni, e pei ole mama maualuga SiH4, PH3, AsH3, B2H6, N2O, NH3, SF6, NF3, CF4, BCl3, BF3, HCl, Cl2, ma isi.
I le faagasologa atoa o le gaosiga o le semiconductor alamanuia, mai le tuputupu aʻe chip i le afifiina masini mulimuli, toetoe lava o sooga uma e le mafai ona tuueseeseina mai le kasa faapitoa faaeletonika, ma le eseese o kesi faʻaaogaina ma tulaga maualuga manaʻomia, o lea e iai mea semiconductor mea eletise eletise. “meaai”.
I tausaga talu ai nei, o vaega tetele faaeletonika a Saina e pei o semiconductors ma faʻaaliga panels ua faʻateleina i le gaosiga fou gafatia, ma o loʻo i ai se manaʻoga malosi mo le faʻaulufaleina mai o mea faʻainisinia eletise. O le tulaga o kasa faaeletonika i totonu o pisinisi semiconductor ua sili atu ona lauiloa. Ole alamanuia kasa fa'aeletonika fa'aeletonika ole a fa'atosina vave le fa'atupulaia.
O le kasa faʻaeletoroni faʻapitoa e maualuga tele manaʻoga mo le mama, aua afai o le mama e le oʻo i manaʻoga, o vaega eleelea e pei o le vai ma le okesene i totonu o le kasa faʻaeletoroni faʻapitoa o le a faigofie ona fausia ata oxide i luga o le semiconductor, lea e aʻafia ai le ola tautua o masini faaeletonika, ma le kesi fa'aeletonika fa'apitoa o lo'o i ai O vaega o mea le mama e mafai ona mafua ai le fa'aogaina o le semiconductor short circuits ma le fa'aleagaina. E mafai ona fai mai o le faʻaleleia atili o le mama e taua tele i le gaosiga ma le faʻatinoina o le gaosiga o masini eletise.
Faʻatasi ai ma le faʻaauauina pea o le atinaʻeina o le semiconductor industry, o loʻo faʻaauau pea ona faʻaleleia le gaosiga o le gaosiga, ma o lea ua oʻo i le 5nm, lea ua lata ona oʻo atu i le tapulaʻa o le Tulafono a Moore, lea e tutusa ma le tasi-luasefulu o le lautele o le lauulu tagata ( e tusa ma le 0.1 mm). O le mea lea, o loʻo tuʻuina atu ai foʻi manaʻoga maualuga i luga o le mama o le kesi faʻaeletoroni faʻapitoa e gaosia e semiconductors.
Taimi meli: Tes-15-2021
